Origin: U.S.A.
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The innocents abroad
Ballin, G-Ph ; Twain, Mark
Synopsis "The innocents abroad"
The Innocents Abroad, or The New Pilgrims' Progress is a travel book by American author Mark Twain, published in 1869, which humorously chronicles what Twain called his "Great Pleasure Excursion" on board the chartered vessel Quaker City (formerly USS Quaker City), through Europe and the Holy Land, with a group of American travelers in 1867. It was the best-selling of Twain's works during his lifetime, as well as one of the best-selling travel books of all time. A major theme of the book, insofar as a book can have a theme when assembled and revised from the newspaper columns Twain sent back to America as the journey progressed, is that of the conflict between history and the modern world; the narrator continually encounters petty profiteering and trivializations of history as he journeys, as well as a strange emphasis placed on particular past events, and is either outraged, puzzled, or bored by the encounter. One example can be found in the sequence during which the boat has stopped at Gibraltar. On shore, the narrator encounters seemingly dozens of people intent on regaling him, and everyone else, with a bland and pointless anecdote concerning how a particular hill nearby acquired its name, heedless of the fact that the anecdote is, indeed, bland, pointless, and entirely too repetitive. Another example may be found in the discussion of the story of Abelard and Heloise, where the skeptical American deconstructs the story and comes to the conclusion that far too much fuss has been made about the two lovers. Only when the ship reaches areas of the world that do not exploit for profit or bore passers-by with inexplicable interest in their history, such as the passage dealing with the ship's time at the Canary Islands, is this attitude not found in the text. Mount Tabor "stands solitary .. [in a] silent plain .. a desolation .. we never saw a human being on the whole route .. hardly a tree or shrub anywhere. Even the olive tree and the cactus, those fast friends of a worthless soil, had almost deserted the country" Mark Twain, 1867 This reaction to those who profit from the past is found, in an equivocal and unsure balance with reverence, in the section of the book that deals with the ship's company's experiences in the Holy Land. The narrator reacts here, not only to the exploitation of the past and the unreasoning (to the American eye of the time) adherence to old ways, but also to the profanation of religious history. Many of his illusions are shattered, including his discovery that the nations described in the Old Testament could easily fit inside many American states and counties, and that the "kings" of those nations might very well have ruled over fewer people than could be found in some small towns. This equivocal reaction to the religious history the narrator encounters may be magnified by the prejudices of the time, as the United States was still primarily a Protestant nation at that point. The Catholic Church, in particular, receives a considerable amount of attention from the narrator, specifically its institutionalized nature. This is particularly apparent in the section of the book dealing with Italy, where the poverty of the lay population and the relative affluence of the church causes the narrator to urge the inhabitants-in the text of the book, if not directly-to rob their priests.
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, más conocido como Mark Twain, ha pasado a la historia de la literatura gracias al ingenio, humor y picardía que destila su obra. A menudo considerado el Dickens estadounidense, Twain fue periodista, tipógrafo, escritor y, sobre todo, un aventurero incansable. Su sed de aventuras lo llevó en un largo periplo lleno de experiencias: fue aprendiz de piloto, buscó fortuna en las minas de plata, recorrió el mundo dando conferencias y fue nombrado doctor honoris causa por la universidad de Oxford. Todo ello lo inspiró para empezar a escribir pequeños cuadernos de viaje que publicaba en la prensa. Se calcula que llegó a escribir más de 500 obras, entre las que destacan _Las aventuras de Huckelberry Finn_ y _Las aventuras de Tom Sawyer_: dos novelas en las que Twain evoca una infancia inocente y feliz, en la que brillan la ilusión y la rebeldía que preceden a la edad adulta. Mark Twain nació durante una de las apariciones del cometa Halley, y predijo que “se marcharía con él”. Efectivamente, el autor nos dejó el 21 de abril de 1910, a la estela de una nueva visita del cometa.
